The pancreas is a long, flat, soft gland that is situated near the back of the abdomen, behind the stomach and duodenum. The pancreas serves several crucial functions. First, it produces and releases a number of powerful digestive enzymes. These enzymes are responsible for the digestion of proteins and starches. As well, the pancreas releases two hormones, insulin and glucagon, which are responsible for maintaining a steady level of sugar in blood. Diabetes, a potentially serious illness, is caused by a malfunction of the pancreas.